What term describes the processes by which goods, services, capital, people, information, and ideas flow across national borders?

The term that best describes the processes by which goods, services, capital, people, information, and ideas flow across national borders is globalization. Globalization encompasses a broad range of interconnected economic, social, and cultural dynamics that facilitate this cross-border exchange. It reflects not only the movement of products and resources but also the integration of markets and societies.

Globalization emphasizes the systematic and structural aspect of these flows, highlighting the interdependence and the collaborative relationships fostered between countries. It represents a paradigm shift in how economies operate, focusing on the global interconnectedness that transcends individual national boundaries.

While international trade refers specifically to the buying and selling of goods and services between countries and is an integral component of globalization, it does not capture the full spectrum of movements that globalization entails, including capital and information. Cross-border commerce is more narrowly focused on commercial transactions and might not convey the broader implications of sociocultural exchanges. Market integration refers specifically to the coordination and merging of different national markets, which is part of the globalization process but does not encompass all aspects of the flow of ideas and people across borders.